ABSTRACT
Background: Psychological distress is an important immediate outcome of the death of a spouse or divorce, which may arise because of financial and emo?onal challenges and can lead to adverse health outcomes with more stress, anxiety, depression, and social isola?on than the general popula?on. Methods: Cross-sec?onal study among separated, divorced, and widowed females from two rural villages. All eligible par?cipants were screened for depression and anxiety using DSM 5 criteria. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton depression ra?ng scale (HDRS) and for anxiety, the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) was used. Results: Out of 162 women, 30% had mild depression whereas 42% of widow and divorced women had moderate levels of depression but it is in 50% of separated women. Severe and very severe level of depression was in around 20% of widowed and divorced women compared to 16% of separated women. There was no anxiety in around 80% of divorced and widowed women whereas 24.3% of separated women had severe anxiety. On regression analysis, separated women, dependent women, and those with less than two years of dura?on of separa?on had higher levels of depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The prevalence of Depression and Anxiety is more common in all three groups. Moderate to severe Depression is around 75% among divorced/separated and widowed females but moderate to severe anxiety was more in separated women compared to widowed women. Dependency and the early phase of widowhood/separa?on were also important associated factors.
ABSTRACT
Background: Given the growth of juvenile delinquent population, epidemiologic data on their psychiatric evaluation is becoming increasingly important. Rehabilitation for juvenile delinquent children is the key whether addressing healthcare, poverty, population control, unemployment or human rights issues. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of CBCL (Child Behaviour Checklist – TRF (Teacher Report Form) for assessment and screening of psychiatric morbidity in juvenile delinquent boys in an observation home. Method: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in an Observation Home for Boys. Prior to conducting the study, informed written permission was sought from the Superintendent of Observation Home for Boys. Study sample consisted of 50 boys aged between 6-16 years. The children were recruited through application of inclusion and exclusion criteria and after taking written informed permission from the Observation Home authorities. Results: Significant CBCL total score was found in 22 (44%) juveniles. Eighteen (36%) juveniles had high score on externalizing behaviour, and 14 (28%) on internalizing behaviour. The sensitivity of CBCL significant score was found to be 88.64% and specificity was 100%. This indicates the utility of CBCL in epidemiological studies and screening of juveniles. It is a simple tool for screening and as noted it has high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: In conclusion, the CBCL has implications for the training of manpower for strengthening of mental health services for these children. There is immediate need for multidisciplinary mental health services at each juvenile center.